A-Level Maths | Sequences & Series

What do the letters mean?

  • n: the term e.g. n=4 means we are talking about the 4th term in the sequence
  • a: first term
  • l: last term
  • d: common difference (the difference in arithmetic sequences)
  • r: common ratio (the multiplier in geometric sequences)

Arithmetic Sequences

Arithmetic sequences: a common difference gets added to each member e.g. 10, 12, 14, 16

  • nth term: a + (n - 1)d
  • sum of first n terms: 0.5n [2a + (n - 1)d ]

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Geometric Sequences

Geometric sequences: a common ratio gets multiplied to each member e.g. 10, 15, 22.5

  • nth term: arn - 1
  • sum of first n terms: a(1 - rn)/ (1-r)
  • sum of first n terms: a(rn - 1)/ (r-1)
  • sum to infinity: a/(1 - r)

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