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Progressive Tax and Benefits | A-Level Economics Model Paragraph (AQA, Edexcel, OCR)
One way of measuring inequality is the Gini coefficient, which compares the area between the Lorenz curve and the line of perfect equality to the whole triangle beneath that line:
G = A / (A
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External Economies of Scale | A-Level Economics Model Paragraph (AQA, Edexcel, OCR)
External economies of scale occur when all firms in an industry are able to benefit from lower long-run average costs.
For example, if the government announced a scheme which encouraged more people to
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Diseconomies of Scale | A-Level Economics Model Paragraph (AQA, Edexcel, OCR)
When firms become larger and larger, they are impacted by both economies of scale and diseconomies of scale at the same time. After a point, diseconomies of scale will outweigh economies of scale.